ECOLOPEDIA

 Kingdom Animalia:     Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms.  Heterotrophic organisms(animals) are include in  Animalia . Animalia is come from Latin word anima which means soul. Animals are might be evolved from protoctists. There is vast diversity of organisms in kingdom Animalia, from simple sponges to complex mammals.  General characteristics: They are motile. They heterotrophic organisms(depend on other animal and plants for food). They are multicellular complex organisms.  Their cell are without cell wall. Their growth and development have very complex stages i.e. embryonic development. They may be radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry. They can primarily reproduce sexually and few are asexually. Classification of animals:        Animals are classified into two groups: Invertebrate and vertebrate. Invertebrates:     The animals which are without backbone are called invertebrates. They are simple animals. T...

 What is evolution?     Evolution is a process in which organisms are changed from over time. In other words evolution is refers to a phenomena in which an organism develops into another organism. Theory of evolution vs Theory of special creation:     There are two types of scientist; Creationists who believe in god and evolutionists who believe in evolution. Creationists believe that there is divine force who create all living organisms, in their present forms. This theory is known as theory of special creation. This theory was given by Carolus Linnaeus . He classified organisms into groups according to genus. He believed that species were permanent creation. Evolutionists believe that organisms are transform their genetic make-up and those organisms can survive who can change and suited with environment this belief is known as natural selection . For example dinosaurs are extinct because food chain had collapsed. This theory was given by Charles Darwin . S...

 What are carnivorous plants?     Carnivorous plants are unique plant species that derive some or most of their nutrients by trapping and digesting insects and small organisms. These plants have adapted to grow in nutrient-poor environments, such as bogs and wetlands, where the soil lacks essential minerals like nitrogen and phosphorus. Adaptations for prey:    To capture prey, carnivorous plants have evolved specialized adaptations, including: Modified Leaves  which are transformed into traps to catch insects. Digestive Enzymes  which are used in Break down of prey for nutrient absorption. Bright Colors & Nectar  which attract insects towards the traps. Sticky or Slippery Surfaces  which prevent prey from escaping. Types of traps in carnivorous plants:     Carnivorous plants use different trapping mechanisms to capture their prey...

Biogeochemical cycles:     Biogeochemical cycles are those cycles in which bio elements recycle through different pathways. These cycles are complete through biological, geological and chemical processes. The major cycles are carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle and water cycle. Carbon cycle:     Carbon is major bio element. It is essential for life as it is a basic component of all organic material. It is found in the form of graphite, diamond, carbon dioxide( CO₂) and organic compound. Carbon cycle is complete in air through this process. First of all plants absorb CO₂ from atmosphere for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a complex process in which plants use H₂O and CO₂ to produce organic compound glucose. Animals and other organisms eat this food and incorporate carbon in their bodies. Fungi and bacteria decompose waste products of plants and animals . CO₂ is ...

Components of environment:            The surroundings in which we live are called the  environment . Every organism live in specific environment. There are four components of environment. Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere:     Lithosphere is the layer of rocky Earth's crust. It is rigid layer and extends to the depth of 100km . Composition:       It consist of heavy metals and non-metals and almost 99.5% is made up of 11 elements by the contribution of following percentage: Oxygen(O) 46.60%, aluminium(Al) 8.13%, silicon(Si) 27.72%, iron(Fe) 5%, calcium(Ca) 3.63%, sodium(Na) 2.83%, potassium(K) 2.59%, magnesium(Mg) 2.09% and titanium(Ti), hydrogen(H) and phosphorus(P) are less than 1%. C, Ni, Cl, Ba, Cr, F, S, Sr, Mn and V are present in trace amount approximately 0.1 to 0.02%. Lithosphere also composed of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentry rocks. Igneous rock:     When magma or lava ...

Symbiosis:       Symbiosis refers to a  relationship between different organisms that provide mutual benefits. These relationships can be either temporary or permanent. There are three main types of symbiosis. Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism:     It is relationship in which a parasite gains food and shelter while causing disease to the host. There are two main types of parasitism. Ectoparasitism:        The parasitism in which parasites live outside the body. For example: ticks, lice, leeches and mosquitoes. Endoparasitism:         The parasitism in which parasites live inside the host's body. For example bacteria, viruses and tapeworm.      As  mentioned above, parasitism can be  temporary or permanent.    Temporary parasite:     The parasites which live their life cycle freely. They live on host for very short time. The common example of these ...